Phytochemical Studies in Capparis divaricata Lam. leaf extract using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and HPTLC Fingerprinting

K. Swetha1 , G Prabhakar2 , Kandula Jayapaul3 , B. Kiran Kumar1

Abstract:

Traditional medicines are being used in India from ancient times for various disease/ disorder conditions. Importantly, most of the traditional medicinal plants do not have scientific validation. Scientific evaluation of medicinal properties along with traditional knowledge is essential to obtaining effective drugs for commercial purposes. This study aimed to determine the phytocomponents present in the leaves of Cappris divaricata by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and HPTLC fingerprinting. Cappris divaricate belonging to the family Capparaceae, a traditional medicinal plant species commonly known as “caper brush” in Telugu and found throughout India. The plant is used in Siddha and veterinary medicine for trypanosomiasis. The extraction process was carried out using different solvents in increasing order of polarity and the resulting extracts were analysed using standard procedures. FTIR spectroscopy and HPTLC fingerprinting were used to determine the composition, profile, and structure of the organic compounds in the leaf extract. The phytochemical analysis in the leaf extracts revealed the presence of various compounds including alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, and resins, in the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanolic extracts. FTIR data indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, hydroxyl groups, alkanes, alkenes, amines, aromatic amines, and aliphatic groups in C. divaricata. HPTLC analysis of the methanolic extract of the leaves showed the presence of 13 spots at 254 nm and 12 spots at 366 nm, with a spot at Rf 0.90 and a maximum concentration of 66.23% at 366 nm, which may serve as biomarkers and fingerprint parameters for identification of the plant.

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